Shatter silence, raise hell and run riot: music and gender in Spain 2018-2021

Gender issues in relation to contemporary music and within the artistic scene are a research topic of growing interest. This study focuses on the strategies adopted by women to resist gender inequalities in the music industry in the light of both cultural policies that continue to discriminate against them as well as the conditions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The data considered here were drawn from 40 radio interviews broadcast during the 2018-2019 season on the Radio Nacional de Espana, Radio 4;a second round of interviews was conducted in the spring of 2021 in the post-COVID-19 context, either by mail or phone. The interviews were organised into three analytical categories designed to provide details on subjects such as profession, prestige, and recognition of women's musical creations or productions, and how their representation was portrayed by the media and/or public. The results provided some findings relevant to the opportunities and careers women could access. Although the arts and culture are often viewed as women's worlds, many sectors are permeated by cumulative disadvantages including gender stereotypes, difficulties in reconciling work and family life, objectification, and sexual harassment. The findings obtained in this current work are in line with these women's own responses: 'The more I fight, the more I feel alive!>>, 'What if women had the power?>>, and 'No more twenty feet from stardom >>.

Walking test as clinical assessment for unmasking occult hypoxemia in COVID-19: A case series

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection is a respiratory infection initially identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Some of the patients have been found to show no signs of respiratory distress;however, when oxygen saturation levels are measured, they are abnormally lower than expected in relation to their clinical condition. This is why we collected a series of cases from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) who underwent a 2-min walking test during the initial evaluation in the emergency department. A drop in oxygen saturation below 90% was considered a positive result. Eighty-five percent of patients with a positive walking test required in-hospital management and 70% required oxygen supplementation during hospitalization. This clinical tool could help determine which of these patients might require in-hospital care due to occult hypoxemia, considering the current epidemiological situation and high bed occupancy rates. © 2022 Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado lntensivo

Concomitant hyperglycaemic crisis with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus identified for the first time in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China was identified for the first time in the Colombian territory on March 6, 2020. By November 2020, it had affected more than 47 million people and caused more than a million deaths worldwide. It has been observed that comorbidities such as diabetes can be associated with more severe forms of the disease and higher mortality rates. Hyperglycaemic crisis, referring to diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic state can be precipitated by COVID-19. The following describes the cases of 15 patients who were admitted for COVID-19 and also had a hyperglycaemic crisis in a hospital in Medellín, Colombia. © 2021

Effect of Double Masking with Silk or Cotton Over-masks on the Source Control Capabilities of a Surgical Mask

In spite of the remarkable progress made in the development of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19, deployment of respiratory protective devices remains vital for mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing pandemic. In this study, we evaluated double masking, which entails layering a fitted over-mask on top of a surgical mask. A previously validated manikin-based protocol was used to evaluate the performance of a surgical mask with an over-mask made of silk or cotton. We showed that double masking can significantly enhance the mask???s source control capabilities by reducing an aerosol emission from a coughing or sneezing wearer while maintaining a reasonable breathability and comfort level. The data obtained in this study, as well as the results recently reported by other investigators, suggest that an over-mask made of silk fabric has several advantages over one made of cotton. Moreover, silk over-masks have the added benefit of providing a reusable protective outer layer for surgical masks as silk is hydrophobic and increases aerosol particle collection. Not only can double masking reduce viral or bacterial transmission, but it can also promote surgical mask longevity, thereby reducing global waste and pollution associated with the use of disposable surgical masks. Finally, an additional study with five human subjects revealed no significant differences in perceived comfort (measured by proxies such as relative humidity, temperature, and CO2 level inside the mask) between single masking and double masking, as well as between double masking with either a silk or cotton over-mask.

Personality and mental health: Factors impacting perceived health risks and protective behaviors during the early COVID-19 quarantine

Previous studies have demonstrated the psychological impact of stressful events related to an infectious disease outbreak. This impact may be moderated by the perception of risk and individual differences in personality. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the personality profiles and mental health on the perceived risk (being infected, getting hospitalized, and dying from COVID-19) and on preventive behaviors (wash your hands, stay at home, maintain social distance, touch your face, and mask use). A total sample of 126 Argentine adults, both genders, participated and filled in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and COVID-19 estimates regarding risk perception and preventive behaviors. Results show that people with undercontrolled personality profile and high interpersonal sensitivity overestimated their probability of getting infected, hospitalization, and dying from COVID-19. In addition, the resilient profile group with high anxiety overestimated the probability of hospitalization and dying;the undercontrolled profile group with high anxiety, phobic anxiety, or psychoticism, also overestimated their probability of dying;the undercontrolled profile people with high interpersonal sensitivity, or high anxiety reported higher probabilities of maintaining social distance. Anxiety and depression symptoms explain a low percentage of the perceived risk variance;while conscientiousness, together with mental health were able to explain the estimated probability of engaging in protective behaviors. These findings could be useful to implement more effective and realistic strategies to promote the adoption of preventive behaviors. © 2022 Babeș-Bolyai University. All rights reserved.

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO COMBAT THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objective: Artificial intelligence is being increasingly used for social purposes. A new type of governance is emerging, the algorithmic governance. The abuse of market power and the rise of monopolies need to be impeded. In the use of artificial intelligence in campaigns against the COVID-19 pandemic, frameworks to overcome the inefficiency of ethical and legal principles need to be developed in order to avoid ethical laundering. The aim of this paper is to analyze existing regulations for the use of AI. Hetero-regulation, regulated self-regulation, and self-regulation are needed and frameworks for the analysis of legal and ethical restrictions in the use of AI must be developed in measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The methodology and research techniques of this paper combines national and international theoretical research methods promoting the dialogue between the various fields of knowledge in an interdisciplinary perspective. Results: The methodology and research techniques of this paper combines national and international theoretical research methods promoting the dialogue between the various fields of knowledge in an interdisciplinary perspective. Contributions: The paper proposes possible solutions and measures to overcome critical problems for which regarding the actual strategies of using AI against the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, Centro Universitario Curitiba - UNICURITIBA. All rights reserved.

The Use of Social Media for Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic;A Vision to the Future

Background. The COVID-19 is the first pandemic in history where technology and social media can be used to keep people safe and informed. The correct management of information has been recognized as a critical part of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to create a source of information about COVID-19 that is reliable, accessible, and easy to share while providing literature references. Methods. An Instagram account named @cienciacontracovid19 was created in 2020. In this account, the most relevant up-to-date medical information of COVID-19 is published daily in Spanish. All the account's content is made by two infectious diseases specialists and a general practitioner. After 6 months since the creation of the account, we performed a survey to assess the followers perception of the usefulness of @cienciacontracovid19 during the pandemic. Results. The account was opened in November 2020. Figure 1 QR to access. Currently, the account has 9,534 followers from 5 Latin-American countries;48% are between 25-34 years old, 76.6% are women, and 52% are healthcare workers. Until May 2021, 142 educational slides, 3 educational videos and 5 webinars have been posted. In the last 30 days, @cienciacontracovid19 has had 10,540 interactions and growth of +125% reaching 22,000 users. We conducted a survey in April 2021, in which 3,556 people answered. The following results were obtained: 76% considered that the information was always useful in their daily lives and 17% frequently useful. 77% affirmed that the information shared was always reliable and 47% consider that the information differed from other sources of information since it is easy to understand and 34% because it has bibliographic references to support it. 85% responded that the information shared in the account kept them from putting themselves at risk. When asking if the information shared has made them feel safer by being informed, 49% answered always and 44% frequently. QR to access the instagram account Conclusion. @cienciacontracovid19 has been a valuable source of scientific information with a positive impact on its users. Its implementation has been a practical medical education tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. By being informed, people could potentially modify some of their behaviors to stay out of risk from COVID-19.

Near misses reporting: effective tool for safety culture shift in a Radiation Oncology Department

Purpose or Objective To share the lessons learned from 2 years monitoring and analysis of near misses in a RO department. Emphasis will be put on the changes in the quality and safety culture amongst the different professional groups in the department. Materials and Methods Ten years ago a general-purpose voluntary Incident Learning System (ILS) was implemente, however few incidents (5 per year) were reported by the RO staff. Two years ago, a structured RO voluntary ILS based on RedCap and linked to a QR code was implemented to facilitate near misses and incident reporting. A multidisciplinary committee, meeting twice a month, to monitor the ILS was created. Bimonthly feedback to the staff was given. An ILS database temporal analysis focusing on the different staff members reporting and number of events reported on each treatment process station was performed. On January 2021, a survey to all staff to assess their adherence to the ILS and their perception its relevance on safety culture was sent. Results 3,315 events were reported;92.5% near misses and 7.5% incidents. Lack of evaluating patient specific QA (40% of all incidents) followed by delays in the treatment initiation (23%) and misadministration of the treatment (8.5%) were the most frequent incidents. The temporal trends on number of reported events, incidents andnumber of events per station are shown on fig. 1 and 2. We detected that while the number of events reported at the treatment unit was constant the number of events reported on plan and treatment chart evaluation has decreased considerably over the last 6 months. This could be caused as a result of an in-depth study, by requirement of the dosimetrists, on the most frequent events during treatment planning resulting on a reduction of events. On the last 3 months a relaxation of MP in reporting has also been detected with an increase of events reaching the treatment unit. The number of personnel reporting was around 30 (SD 9) on the studied time period. A reduction on reported events during the first COVID wave, attributed to a reduction of on-site staff and disruption of feedback was observed. 50/63 staff members answered the survey. 90% agreed that ILS is an important tool for the treatments safety , 60% that contributed improve safety culture, 82% agreed on the importance of regular feedback. Only 10 respondents had never reported an adverse event (0 administrative staff, 1/3 of RO and 1/2 of nurses). The most frequent causes for non-reporting were;forget to report (32%), lack of time (20%), not sure if reportable (15%), fear to consequences (5%). 26/50 had detected an adverse event but only 15 had reported it.

Covid-19 management by farmers and policymakers in Burkina Faso, Colombia and France: Lessons for climate action.

CONTEXT: During crises, adaptation or recovery measures or plans at local or national scales may not necessarily address longer-term or structural problems such as climate change mitigation. OBJECTIVE: This article describes farmers and policymakers' responses to mitigate the adverse effects of Covid-19 on the agricultural sector. We then assess the responses' possible effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. METHODS: The study is based on surveys conducted with farmers, traders, and extension staff in Burkina Faso, Colombia, and France, and literature. We used the Cool Farm Tool calculator to assess GHG emissions associated with fertilizer production, crop production and produce transportation to international markets for the three main cash crops in the three countries. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified contrasting responses by the agricultural sector mostly driven by changes in the consumption patterns at local or international levels. We also identified contrasting state responses to mitigate Covid-19. These responses at farm and policy scales led to similar trends in decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across the studied countries. However, none of the studied countries linked Covid-19 response measures to long-term climate change mitigation actions. Therefore, an opportunity to sustain Covid-19 induced short-term decreases in GHG emissions was overlooked. SIGNIFICANCE: Analyzing the impacts that Covid-19 had on agricultural systems and the decision taken by policymakers to handle its direct and indirect effects can help society draw lessons on how to improve climate action.

Use of standard formulations in pediatric home parenteral nutrition – the experience of a portuguese center during the COVID-19 pandemic

Rationale: Standard solutions for parenteral nutrition (PN) are safe and can meet the nutritional requirements of a significant number of pediatric patients. However, they may not always meet the individual requirements of those on long term PN, particularly those with significant gastrointestinal fluid losses. We evaluated the possibility of replacing individually tailored prescription for standard formulations in children on home PN. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the individual prescriptions of metabolically stable pediatric patients on home PN over a one-year period (march 2019 to march 2020). These were compared with 13 available standard solutions with electrolytes, and replacement was considered adequate if three successive criteria were met: non protein calorie to volume ratio (maximum variation 15%);non protein calorie to nitrogen ratio (NPC:N) (maximum variation either 20% for possible long term use or 35% for short term use);electrolyte concentration (maximum increase 20%). Results: A total 24 patients were included (67% male;median age 7.5 years). The most common diagnosis was short bowel syndrome (58%). Allowing a variation of 35% in NPC:N, replacement with a standard formulation was considered appropriate for 16 (67%) patients. For a variation of 20% in NPC:N, the number of patients decreased to 10 (42%). For those with stomas (8 patients), a standard formulation was only appropriate for two (25%). The maximum number of possible standard formulations per patient was two. These patients required between one and five standard bags per day. Conclusion: Standard PN solutions can be adequate for a significant proportion of pediatric patients on home PN. Their use in the short term may also be appropriate in settings of limited resources or restricted access to hospital facilities, such as those imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Disclosure of Interest: None declared